Joining the Permaculture LAND Network

This month we are so pleased to hear that Holt Wood has been accepted as part of the Permaculture LAND Network of Learning Centres. This is a network of projects which can show volunteers and visitors how permaculture works.

Permaculture is really all about integrated working with the land to provide for a range of needs in ways that are healthy and efficient. When we were planning Holt Wood as a project to develop sustainable production of medicinal and other supplies our sketch plans incorporated permaculture design principles. These included taking into account our purpose, zoning the area for different activities, using resources available well, maximising the woodland edges, conserving nutrients and water, as well as improving the soil and wildlife.

The Permaculture Learning And Network Demonstration (LAND) Project is a four year, England-wide project to create a permaculture learning and demonstration network supported by online services and information. Building on twenty-five years of work by local practitioners, the demonstration projects include permaculture designed home gardens, community gardens, public spaces, allotments, smallholdings and farms. The Project is supported by Big Lottery funds. As well as Holt Wood the other projects in this network are listed at
http://www.permaculture.org.uk/land

We will be running some more Working Days and other events in 2012 to help develop awareness of our particular project, and there will be added emphasis on permaculture design ideas to reflect our membership of the Network. Our picture this month shows a new stone-built dam along a ditch which will help to store water for use in drier times as well as provide an environment conducive to water-loving medicinal herbs.

Witch Hazel Grown in Devon!

Distilled Witch Hazel water is now available from plants grown and harvested in Devon! Here at Holt Wood, in North Devon, we are trying to develop ways of harvesting sustainable supplies of medicinal trees and shrubs. Back in 2005/2006, when the site was first cleared of Sitka Spruce and replanted with a variety of trees, we did not really know how well some things would grow. In planning the site we included mostly native trees plus some introduced trees used widely in herbal medicine. We were fortunate to locate a nursery which could provide a number of young Hamamelis virginiana plants. This is a native of North America, and has smaller flowers than most garden centre Witch Hazel shrubs, but grows a little more vigorously. It is not related to the Hazel tree. Most Distilled Witch Hazel today is produced in huge distilling operations by firms like American Distilling. Our plants had been grown by a UK nursery to provide grafting stock for garden varieties of Witch Hazel. Since planting most of our young trees have grown on into good size bushes to be harvested for leaves and twigs in the making of Distilled Witch Hazel. This year we have been able to harvest sufficient quantities to produce the distilled water. The distilled water is preserved with the addition of 15% alcohol. It has a lovely fresh smell, familiar from childhood, and is great for dabbing on spots, stings and insect bites or as a skin toner.

Fruits of the forest

Yummy, raspberries (Rubus idaeus) are growing in the wood. Small but juicy and sweet, a great flavour. We did not plant these - they have just appeared along the edges of several rides. So this was not part of the planned planting of trees and shrubs, but a welcome addition to the fruit harvest at Holt Wood. Raspberries are rich in Vitamin C and contain anthocyanins and other constituents providing anti-oxidant effects.

Raspberry leaf is astringent and a muscle relaxant. It has traditional use in pregnancy during the last 2 months to tone the uterine muscles and assist labour. Dosage would be based on 1 teaspoon of dried herb made into an infusion from one to three times daily. Although reported as safe to use in this way, the research evidence is not extensive. One study showed a shortening of the second stage of labour and fewer forceps deliveries (Simpson, M., Parsons, M., Greenwood, J., and Wade, K. Raspberry leaf in pregnancy: its safety and efficacy in labor. Journal of Midwifery and Womens Health, 2001. vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 51-59). Another use for Raspberry leaf is as a gargle for a sore throat, based on an ounce of dried leaf to a pint of water, made up as an infusion. Ideally the leaves should be picked before fruiting and, if not used straight away, dried thoroughly and stored in a cool, dry place.

Harvesting Cramp Bark

First coppiced bark harvest from Cramp Bark (Viburnum opulus)

This small tree, or shrub, has opposite leaves and its growth habit tends to be multi-stemmed, forking towards the end of branches as flowering terminal buds are used up. So the plant has quite a bushy appearance with, after 5 years, many stems. It enjoys a moist woodland location. Sometimes it is called Guelder Rose or Snowball Tree, but these names should only be used for the ornamental variety which has sterile round-shaped heads of flowers. In April I harvested stems of Cramp Bark about 20 cm up from the ground. After removing leaves and soft growth branching off the main stems I could readily pare off the bark in short sections from stems at least pencil size thick. The leaf and soft growth can be composted or make an ideal mulch to suppress weeds.The harvested bark was dried in a single layer on trays in the dark in an airing cupboard for about 4 weeks till crisply dry. It was then passed through several grinder screens in a heavy duty grinder (see pictures). The resulting fine, brown powder will be used in filling capsules or for percolation as a tincture. The plants that have been coppiced will recover and be harvestable again within 3 to 5 years.

Goldenseal import arrives

Since my visit to the United States in autumn 2010 I have been looking for ways to arrange import of sustainably-produced Goldenseal direct from suppliers. At last the Goldenseal roots have arrived!

Through my United Plant Savers internship in 2010 I was fortunate to meet many people committed to the preservation of medicinal plants and their use in a responsible way. I saw Goldenseal growing in the wild, and as an intern helped in the United Plant Saver scheme to distribute cultivated roots to help maintain this important plant. And, since then, I have been looking for an opportunity to support small growers in the United States who can sustainably produce Goldenseal. Both Goldenseal and American Ginseng are included in the list of plants protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Suppliers have to obtain an export permit to demonstrate that they are obtaining Goldenseal in a responsible way. I also wanted to ensure that payment would reach the grower more directly rather than through other agencies. Alongside arranging import I have been promoting ideas about alternatives to endangered plants by offering talks about my US visit.


Here is a view of some of the roots, chopped with my sturdy herb grinder.

Saving Water for Trees

At last, we have several water tanks installed at Holt Wood. These tanks can store up to 1500 litres of water each. With two of them connected to the gutters of our Tool Shed we are expecting to have a good backup water supply soon. This may be needed if rainfall is insufficient to maintain propagation of young trees and some plants through a dry patch. These tanks were originally used for orange juice storage but the orange juice has been washed out, otherwise we might end up with orange squash! The water will also be valuable for washing roots when harvested, and other everyday needs except drinking water. We have other plans for conserving water, including ongoing mulching of the ground as we strim weeds, maintaining furrows and ridges to slow water run-off down on slopes, placing smaller open metal tanks around the site, and widening the adjoining water course to provide an additional source if needed. Meanwhile it seems like spring has almost arrived at Holt Wood with Violet Willow (Salix daphnoides) springing into life and producing fluffy white catkins. This willow, alongside Purple Willow (Salix purpurea), is reputed to have high levels of salicin, a natural form of aspirin, in the bark. Harvesting of this bark will start this year.

Happy New Year from Holt Wood

Our snowy gate in Devon, UK, festooned with a sign from United Plant Savers in Ohio - it warns people not to mess with our medicinal wood! We are looking forward to learning more about harvesting medicinal barks this year. Join us if you can, see our Programme Newsletter for events in 2011 at www.holtwoodherbs.co.uk

Have received a brilliant Christmas present of Martin Crawford's new book Creating a Forest Garden: Working with Nature to Grow Edible Crops, published by Green Books. Full of really helpful lists of useful plants, for hedging, for ground cover, for insects, and for year round food production and more plus detailed guidelines on designing a forest garden. Martin has tons of experience with growing a wide variety of these plants in South West England, though many are drawn from other countries. The book includes a very informative section on mushroom growing and detailed descriptions of all of the useful plants including means of propagation. Well-illustrated and clearly written - invaluable.